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1984-09-09
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BSTAT - Basic Statistics Calculator
1. INTRODUCTION
This worksheet provides some basic statistical tools which
can be used to quickly analyze up to 6 sets of data.
For each data range, the statistical results are displayed in
the Results Block. These results include:
No. of Observations
The number of observations for each data range is counted
and displayed.
Maximum
The maximum value in the data range.
Minimum
The minimum value in the data range.
Range
The range of values. i.e. the difference between the
maximum and the minimum.
Mean (Average)
The arithmetic mean or average obtained by adding up all the
values in a data range, then dividing the total by the
numbers of observations.
Standard Deviation
The standard deviation is a measure of dispersion or
"average difference" from the average value of a data range.
The standard deviation in the Population Statistics section
reflects the actual standard deviation in the data. The
standard deviation in the Sample Statistics section
represents a prediction about the estimated standard
deviation of a much larger population, based on the
assumption that the data contained in the data range is a
representative sample from that larger, but unseen,
population.
Variance
The variance is the square of the standard deviation.
2. USING BSTAT
The main menu of BSTAT offers you seven choices (plus Quit).
They are as follows:
Input
This option allows you to specify the maximum number of
observations you will eventually enter. It then exits to
"raw" 1-2-3 to allow you to input up to 6 data timeseries,
either manually or using a file operation.
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Blank
You should choose this option if you have finished with the
data in the worksheet and want to start again with an empty
worksheet. Note that this option wipes out all calculated
results as well as the raw data. (You must confirm this
choice to reduce the risk of accidental erasure.)
Calc
Make this choice when you want to calculate or recalculate
the results. If you have changed data or entered more data
since you last calculated, you must recalculate before
displaying new results or graphs.
Results
This option centers the Results Block on the screen for easy
viewing of all statistical results for all 6 data ranges.
Graph
This worksheet contains a comprehensive graphics capability
which will allow you to define up to 42 distinct graphs.
See the Graph Details section below for more information.
Print
The print option sends the contents of the worksheet to the
printer. The entire worksheet will be printed
automatically.
Agenda
If you select this option (and confirm it when requested),
the current worksheet is lost and replaced by the main
agenda. Then you can load another worksheet from the disk.
Note confirmation is required before this option proceeds,
because it will overwrite the worksheet in memory.
2.1 Input Details
Input first asks you to "Enter Max. Number of Observations"
which you expect to be working with. The worksheet requires this
estimate in order to precondition itself before you enter the raw
timeseries, either manually or by a file operation.
If you expect approximately 100 values to be entered you may
specify the "...Max. Number of Observations" to be, say, 300.
There is no need to be precise in answering this prompt as long as
this number is larger than the total number of timeseries data
points which you intend to enter.
After specifying the maximum number of observations, press
the Enter key. There will be some activity on the screen and the
leftmost column will be filled with numbers ranging from 1 to the
maximum number which you specified. This is a handy feature to
keep track of your position if you must enter many numbers
manually. Later on, during the Calc operation, the leftmost
column will be scaled again to match the actual number of
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observations entered.
You will notice that the cursor is now positioned under the
column labeled "Range 1". You will also be aware that the menu
has disappeared from the top of the screen. You are now in "raw"
1-2-3 mode and are free to enter timeseries data in one or more of
the Range columns. This can be done manually or using 1-2-3 file
commands. There is no need for the number of observations in each
range to be equal since the statistical results are calculated
independently for each range.
The amount of data which you can enter is only limited by
your computer's memory and 1-2-3's limit of about 2000 rows.
When you have finished entering data, simply use the Alt-M
keystroke combination to bring back the main menu. Normally, your
next action will be to choose the Calc option.
2.2 Calc Details
Activating the Calc option results in a very busy looking
screen as a number of important procedures are carried out by the
worksheet. It is not necessary for you to be aware of these
automatic operations but they are briefly described here for your
information. First, the number of newly entered observations are
counted and recorded in Row 9, and the numbers in the leftmost
column are re-scaled to match the number of entries in the longest
data range column. Next, various formulas are copied into the
Results Block area. Finally, a sequence of ranging procedures is
carried out in order to define graph ranges. This graph ranging
is performed during the Calc operation in order to save
considerable time later on during the Graph procedures.
When the Calc operation is completed, the main menu re
appears at the top of the screen.
Following completion of the Calc procedure, the statistical
results contained in the Results Block are ready for viewing. In
addition, the Graph option may be used to visually investigate
various combinations of data ranges.
2.3 Graph Details
The Graph option first asks you to specify either a Color or
a Black & White (Monochrome) monitor. Once this choice is made
you are presented with the first of 8 graph menus which allow the
selection of different combinations of the data ranges which are
to be plotted. Refer to the menu tree map at the end of this
section to see the options available. Also, note that except for
the first graph selection menu, all subsequent menus have choices
beginning with A, B, C, etc.. in order to allow the selection of
each option using only one keystroke, according to standard 1-2-3
practice. As desired, move between graph menus using the NextMenu
and PrevMenu options.
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Any graph can be sent to a printer by following the 1-2-3
PrintGraph procedures.
3. EXAMPLE - Strange Data
A file called TEST.WKS contains five sets of data. The BSTAT
worksheet permits the data sets to be easily analyzed for their
basic statistical properties and compared visually in order to
determine possible inter-relationships. The following procedures
might be used to investigate the information.
Keystroke Comments
{Enter} Press the ENTER key to select the first
choice in the menu, i.e. Input.
200 {Enter} Specify maximum number of observations.
/fcc {ENTER} test {ENTER}
Use the 1-2-3 file/combine/copy/entire file
keystroke combination to combine the
information contained in the TEST.WKS file
into the data ranges in the worksheet.
Alt-M Bring up the main menu.
c Select the Calc option.
r Select the Results option to examine the
statistical properties of the ranges.
g Select the Graph option.
c or b Select Color or B&W(Monochrome) monitor
setting.
1 1Range option plots a graph of Range 1.
Looks like a series of random numbers.
press any key Return to graph menu.
2 2Range option plots a graph of Range 2. A
curve.
press any key Return to graph menu.
3 3Range option plots a graph of Range 3. A
sine wave.
press any key Return to graph menu.
4 4Range option plots a graph of Range 4.
Another curve.
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press any key Return to graph menu.
5 5Range option plots a graph of Range 5. A
strange pattern.
press any key Return to graph menu.
n Use NextMenu to select next menu.
b B13Range option plots a graph of Ranges 1 and
3.
press any key Return to graph menu.
nn Select graph menu beginning with A35Range.
a A35Range option plots a graph of Ranges 3 and
5.
press any key Return to graph menu.
nnnn Go to graph menu beginning with A1235Rge.
f F12345 option plots Ranges 1 through 5.
press any key Return to graph menu.
q Return to main menu.
q Exit to 1-2-3 READY mode.
{F5} c81 {ENTER} Use F5 function key (i.e. the 1-2-3 Go to
command) to go to cell c81.
/re{end}{right}{end}{down}{ENTER}
Erase the last 50 observations in each data
range in order to concentrate on the first 50
observations.
Alt-M Bring up the main menu.
c Select the Calc option.
g Select the Graph option.
c or b Select Color or B&W (Monochrome) monitor
setting.
nnn Select graph menu beginning with A35Range.
a A35Range option plots a graph of Ranges 3 and
5.
press any key Return to graph menu.
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nnnn Go to graph menu beginning with A1235Rge.
f F12345 option plots Ranges 1 through 5.
press any key Return to graph menu.
q Return to main menu.
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Menu Tree for BSTAT Worksheet
Input - Input Data
Blank - Clear Input Fields
. No - Cancel "Blank" Command
. Yes - Yes, Erase all input
Calc - Calculate Results
Results - Show Results
Graph - Plot Graph(s) of Data or Results
. Color - Print Graphs in Color (see PLOT1 Menu)
. B&W - Print Graphs in Monochrome (see PLOT1 Menu)
. Quit - Return to Menu
Print - Print Results
Agenda - Return to Worksheet Selection Agenda
. No - Cancel Request. Do not erase worksheet
. Yes - Erase Worksheet. Return to selection Agenda
Quit - Exit to 1-2-3 READY mode
PLOT1 Menu:
. 1Range - Plot Range 1
. 2Range - Plot Range 2
. 3Range - Plot Range 3
. 4Range - Plot Range 4
. 5Range - Plot Range 5
. 6Range - Plot Range 6
. NextMenu - Go to next plot menu (see PLOT2 Menu)
. Quit - Return to Menu
PLOT2 Menu:
. A12Range - Plot Ranges 1 and 2
. B13Range - Plot Ranges 1 and 3
. C14Range - Plot Ranges 1 and 4
. D15Range - Plot Ranges 1 and 5
. E16Range - Plot Ranges 1 and 6
. NextMenu - Go to next plot menu (see PLOT3 Menu)
. PrevMenu - Return to previous menu (see PLOT1 Menu)
. Quit - Return to Menu
PLOT3 Menu:
. A23Range - Plot Ranges 2 and 3
. B24Range - Plot Ranges 2 and 4
. C25Range - Plot Ranges 2 and 5
. D26Range - Plot Ranges 2 and 6
. E34Range - Plot Ranges 3 and 4
. NextMenu - Go to next plot menu (see PLOT4 Menu)
. PrevMenu - Return to previous menu (see PLOT2 Menu)
. Quit - Return to Menu
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PLOT4 Menu:
. A35Range - Plot Ranges 3 and 5
. B36Range - Plot Ranges 3 and 6
. C45Range - Plot Ranges 4 and 5
. D46Range - Plot Ranges 4 and 6
. E56Range - Plot Ranges 5 and 6
. NextMenu - Go to next plot menu (see PLOT5 Menu)
. PrevMenu - Return to previous menu (see PLOT3 Menu)
. Quit - Return to Menu
PLOT5 Menu:
. A123Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 2, and 3
. B124Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 2, and 4
. C125Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 2, and 5
. D126Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 2, and 6
. E134Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 3, and 4
. NextMenu - Go to next plot menu (see PLOT6 Menu)
. PrevMenu - Return to previous menu (see PLOT4 Menu)
. Quit - Return to Menu
PLOT6 Menu:
. A135Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 3, and 5
. B136Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 3, and 6
. C145Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 4, and 5
. D146Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 4, and 6
. E234Rge - Plot Ranges 2, 3, and 4
. NextMenu - Go to next plot menu (see PLOT7 Menu)
. PrevMenu - Return to previous menu (see PLOT5 Menu)
. Quit - Return to Menu
PLOT7 Menu:
. A235Rge - Plot Ranges 2, 3, and 5
. B236Rge - Plot Ranges 2, 3, and 6
. C345Rge - Plot Ranges 3, 4, and 5
. D346Rge - Plot Ranges 3, 4, and 6
. E456Rge - Plot Ranges 4, 5, and 6
. F1234Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 2, 3, and 4
. NextMenu - Go to next plot menu (see PLOT8 Menu)
. Quit - Return to Menu
PLOT8 Menu:
. A1235Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 2, 3, and 5
. B1236Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 2, 3, and 6
. C1345Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 3, 4, and 5
. D1346Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 3, 4, and 6
. E1456Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 4, 5, and 6
. F12345Rge - Plot Ranges 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
. G123456Rg - Plot Ranges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
. Quit - Return to Menu
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